Solution for reducing poor contact in info packages

ABSTRACT

A package includes a first package including a device die, a molding compound molding the device die therein, a through-via penetrating through the molding compound, and a first plurality of Redistribution Lines (RDLs) and a second plurality of RDLs on opposite sides of the molding compound. The through-via electrically couples one of the first plurality of RDLs to one of the second plurality of RDLs. The package further includes a second package bonded to the first package, a spacer disposed in a gap between the first package and the second package, and a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector on opposite sides of the spacer. The first electrical connector and the second electrically couple the first package to the second package. The spacer is spaced apart from the first electrical connector and the second electrical connector.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/949,843, filed on Mar. 7, 2014, entitled “Semiconductor Package and Methods for Manufacturing and Testing Same,” which application is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

With the evolving of semiconductor technologies, semiconductor chips/dies are becoming increasingly smaller. In the meantime, more functions need to be integrated into the semiconductor dies. Accordingly, the semiconductor dies need to have increasingly greater numbers of I/O pads packed into smaller areas, and the density of the I/O pads rises quickly over time. As a result, the packaging of the semiconductor dies becomes more difficult, which adversely affects the yield of the packaging.

Conventional package technologies can be divided into two categories. In the first category, dies on a wafer are packaged before they are sawed. This packaging technology has some advantageous features, such as a greater throughput and a lower cost. Further, less underfill or molding compound is needed. However, this packaging technology also suffers from drawbacks. As aforementioned, the sizes of the dies are becoming increasingly smaller, and the respective packages can only be fan-in type packages, in which the I/O pads of each die are limited to a region directly over the surface of the respective die. With the limited areas of the dies, the number of the I/O pads is limited due to the limitation of the pitch of the I/O pads. If the pitch of the pads is to be decreased, solder bridges may occur. Additionally, under the fixed ball-size requirement, solder balls must have a certain size, which in turn limits the number of solder balls that can be packed on the surface of a die.

In the other category of packaging, dies are sawed from wafers before they are packaged, and only “known-good-dies” are packaged. An advantageous feature of this packaging technology is the possibility of forming fan-out packages, which means the I/O pads on a die can be redistributed to a greater area than the die, and hence the number of I/O pads packed on the surfaces of the dies can be increased.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is noted that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.

FIGS. 1 through 7 illustrate the cross-sectional views of intermediate stages in the formation of a package including an Integrated Fan-Out (InFO) package in accordance with some embodiments;

FIGS. 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views of some packages in accordance with some embodiments; and

FIGS. 10A through 10F are top/bottom views of the packages in InFO packages in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature in the description that follows may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.

Further, spatially relative terms, such as “underlying,” “below,” “lower,” “overlying,” “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. The spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. The apparatus may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein may likewise be interpreted accordingly.

A package and the method of forming the same are provided in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. The variations of the embodiments are discussed. Throughout the various views and illustrative embodiments, like reference numbers are used to designate like elements.

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of package 100. In some embodiments, package 100 includes device die 102, with the front side of device die 102 facing down and bonded to Redistribution Lines (RDLs) 112. In alternative embodiments, package 100 includes more than one device die, which may be disposed at the same level. Device die 102 may include semiconductor substrate 108, and integrated circuit devices 104 (such as active devices, which include transistors, for example) at the front surface (the surface facing down) of semiconductor substrate 108. Device die 102 may include a logic die such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) die, a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) die, a mobile application die, or the like.

Device die 102 is molded in molding material 120, which surrounds device die 102 when viewed in the top view of the structure in FIG. 1. Molding material 120 may be a molding compound, a molding underfill, a resin, an epoxy, or the like. In accordance with some embodiments, the molding material 120 is formed by applying a non-solid material to encircle device die 102 therein, and then curing the molding material, for example, through a Ultra-Violet (UV) curing or thermal curing, so that the applied non-solid material is solidified. The bottom surface 120A of molding material 120 may be leveled with the bottom ends of device dies 102, which bottom end portions include, for example, metal pillars. The top surface 120B of molding material 120 may be level with or higher than back surface 108A of semiconductor substrate 108. In some embodiments, back surface 108A of semiconductor substrate 108 is overlapped by die-attach film 110, which is a dielectric film adhering device die 102 to the overlying dielectric layer 118. Device die 102 further includes metal pillars/pads 106 (which may include copper pillars, for example) in contact with, and bonded to, RDLs 112.

Package 100 may include bottom-side RDLs 112 underlying device die 102, and top-side RDLs 116 overlying device dies 102. Bottom-side RDLs 112 are formed in dielectric layers 114, and top-side RDLs 116 are formed in dielectric layers 118. RDLs 112 and 116 may be formed of conductive materials such as metallic materials, which may include copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium, alloys thereof, or multi-layers thereof. In some embodiments, dielectric layers 114 and 118 are formed of organic materials such as polymers, which may further include polybenzoxazole (PBO), benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide, or the like. In alternative embodiments, dielectric layers 114 and 118 are formed of inorganic material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or the like. Package 100 is referred to as an Integrated Fan-Out (InFO) package since RDLs 112 and 116 extend beyond the edges of device die(s) 102, and the molding of device die(s) 102 is integrated with the formation of the respective RDLs 112 and 116.

Through-Vias 122 are formed to penetrate through molding material 120. In some embodiments, through-vias 122 have top surfaces level with the top surface 120B of molding material 120, and bottom surfaces level with the bottom surface 120A of molding material 120. Through-Vias 122 electrically connect bottom-side RDLs 112 to top-side RDLs 116. Through-Vias 122 may also be in physical contact with bottom-side RDLs 112 and top-side RDLs 116. Through-Vias 122 are formed of a conductive material such as a metallic material, which may include copper, aluminum, tungsten, nickel, titanium, or alloys thereof. The formation of through-vias 122 may include forming a mask layer (such as a photo resist, not shown) over a metal seed layer (not shown), patterning the mask layer to form openings, and plating through-vias 122 in the openings in the mask layer. The mask layer is then removed. In alternative embodiments, through-vias 122 are pre-formed as metal posts, and are placed to the desirable locations.

Electrical connectors 124, which are formed of a non-solder metallic material(s), are formed at the bottom surface of package 100. In some embodiments, electrical connectors 124 include Under-Bump Metallurgies (UBMs) or metal pads. In alternative embodiments, electrical connectors 124 include metal pillars such as copper pillars. Throughout the description, electrical connectors 124 are referred to as metal pads 124, although they may have other forms. In accordance with some embodiments, metal pads 124 comprise copper, aluminum, titanium, nickel, palladium, gold, or multi-layers thereof. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the bottom surfaces of metal pads 124 are level with the bottom surface of the bottom dielectric layer 114. In alternative embodiments, the bottom surfaces of metal pads 124 extend below the bottom surface of the bottom dielectric layer 114. In some embodiments, solder regions 126 are attached to the bottom surfaces of metal pads 124.

FIG. 2 illustrates the dispose of passivation layer 128, which is used to protect the underlying RDLs 116 from the damage of moisture and other detrimental chemicals. In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, passivation layer 128 comprises a polymer such as PBO or polyimide. Passivation layer may also be formed of solder mask or inorganic materials such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, or multi layers of the organic and/or inorganic materials. Passivation layer 128 may be formed as a blanket layer covering the entire molding material 120. In accordance with some embodiments, passivation layer 128 is disposed as a liquid or a gel, and is then cured. In alternative embodiments, passivation layer 128 includes a pre-formed film that is placed over the structure shown in FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 3, spacer 130 is disposed on passivation layer 128. In accordance with some embodiments, spacer 130 is formed of an organic material, which may be dispensed as a non-solid material (liquid or gel). The dispensed organic material is then cured, for example, through Ultra-Violet (UV) curing or thermal curing, to have a solid form. The dispensing of the spacer 130 may be achieved through stencil printing or dispensing through a nozzle. In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, package 100 is a part of a wafer-level package, which includes a plurality of packages having an identical structure as package 100. Accordingly, a plurality of spacers 130 is disposed, with each of the packages having one of the plurality of spacers 130 thereon. In these embodiments, the stencil printing or the nozzle dispensing is performed at the wafer-level, and the plurality of spacers 130 is cured at the same time. Accordingly, the efficiency in the dispensing of spacer 130 is improved due to the increase in the throughput. In alternative embodiments, the formation of spacer 130 is performed after package 100 has been sawed from the respective package that includes multiple identical packages.

In accordance with alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, spacer 130 is pre-formed, and is then mounted and/or adhered onto the top surface of passivation layer 128. The pre-formed spacer 130 may be formed of a material selected from a metal or a metal alloy (such as copper, aluminum, or stainless steel), ceramic, an organic material such as s polymer, a semiconductor material such as silicon, glass, and the like. Spacer 130 may also have a composite structure including more than one layer formed of different ones of the above-mentioned materials. In these embodiments, a bottom portion of the illustrated spacer 130 may include an adhesive material. Spacer 130 is a dummy die in accordance with some embodiments. For example, spacer 130 may be a dummy or an active memory die such as a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) die. When being the active die, spacer 130 may be flip-bonded to the underlying RDLs.

In accordance with some embodiments, spacer 130 includes a portion aligned to the center 134 of package 100, wherein center 134 is drawn to extend in the direction perpendicular to the major planes (such as the top surface and the bottom surface) of package 100. For example, FIGS. 10A through 10F illustrate the top views of spacers 130 in accordance with different embodiments, wherein FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate that spacer 130 includes a portion overlapping center 134 of package 100. In alternative embodiments, spacer 130 does not include any portion aligned to center 134 of package 100. In these embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 10C, 1D, 10E, and 10F, spacer 130 may include portions on the opposite sides of center 134, and spacer 130 may be symmetric relative to center 134 in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring back to FIG. 3, spacer 130 has a horizontal size smaller than the respective horizontal size of device die 102, as illustrated in FIG. 3. In alternative embodiments, spacer 130 has a horizontal size equal to (as illustrated by dashed lines 130″) the respective horizontal size of device die 102. In yet alternative embodiments, spacer 130 has a horizontal size greater than (as illustrated by dashed lines 130′) the respective horizontal size of device die 102. Spacer 130 may also overlap a part of, or an entirety of, device die 102. As illustrated in FIG. 3, spacer 130 may be aligned to device die 102. In alternative embodiments, spacer 130 is misaligned with the underlying device die 102. In accordance with some embodiments, thickness T1 of spacer 130 is in the range between about 20 μm and about 400 μm. It is appreciated, however, that the values recited throughout the description are merely examples, and may be changed to different values.

FIG. 4 illustrates the removal of some parts of passivation layer 128 to expose metal pads 116′, which may be parts of RDLs 116. As a result, openings 136 are formed in passivation layer 128. The formation of openings 136 may be achieved through laser drill. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, openings 136 are formed after the formation of spacer 130. In alternative embodiments, openings 136 are formed prior to the formation of spacer 130. Alternatively, when passivation layer 128 is formed of a light-sensitive material such as PBO or polyimide, the formation of openings 136 may be achieved through a lithography process including a light-exposure followed by a development step. In the top view of the structure shown in FIG. 4, openings 136 may be aligned to a ring(s) encircling a center region of passivation layer 128, wherein the center region does not have openings formed therein.

FIG. 5 illustrates the formation of electrical connectors 138. In some embodiments, electrical connectors 138 are solder regions. Accordingly, a ball placement step is performed to drop solder balls in openings 136 (FIG. 4), followed by a reflow process to reflow the solder balls. In alternative embodiments, a solder layer is plated in each of openings 136, and then the solder layers in openings 136 are reflowed to form the solder regions. Electrical connectors 138 may also include metal pillars and solder layers (not shown) on the metal pillars. The metal pillars and the solder layers may also be formed by plating or printing, followed by a reflow to shape the solder layers.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of package 200, which is to be bonded to package 100. Package 200 is sometimes referred to as a top package. In some embodiments, package 200 includes package substrate 202, and device die(s) 204 bonded to package substrate 202. Device dies 204 may be memory dies such as Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) dies, Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) dies, or the like. Molding compound 220 may mold device dies 204 therein. Device dies 204 may be identical to each other or may be different from each other in different embodiments. Although FIG. 6 illustrates that device dies 204 are bonded to package substrate 202 through wire-bonding, in alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, flip-chip bonding may be used. Electrical connectors 238 are formed on the surface of package 200. In some embodiments, electrical connectors 238 are solder regions. In alternative embodiments, electrical connectors 238 include metal pillars, metal pads, etc., and a solder layer may, or may not, be formed as the surface components of electrical connectors 238. The locations of electrical connectors 238 are designed according to the locations of electrical connectors 138, so that each of electrical connector 238 may be aligned to one of electrical connector 138, and vice versa.

In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, spacer 230 is disposed on a surface of package 200, and is on the same side of package 200 as electrical connectors 238. In alternative embodiments, spacer 230 is not formed on the surface of package 200. The material and the formation of spacer 230 may be selected from the same candidate materials and the candidate formation methods for forming spacer 130. In addition, spacers 130 and 230 may be formed of the same material, or may be formed of different materials.

FIG. 7 illustrates the bonding of package 100 with package 200 to form package 300. Package 300 thus has a Package-on-Package (PoP) structure having package 200 as a top package, and InFO package 100 as a bottom package. In the bonding process, electrical connectors 238 (FIG. 6) are aligned to, and are put into contact with, the respective solder regions 138 (FIG. 5). A reflow is then performed to join electrical connectors 238 with electrical connectors 138. FIG. 7 illustrates that when electrical connectors 138 and 238 are solder regions, the reflow causes the merge of electrical connectors 138 with electrical connectors 238 and the formation of solder regions 38.

After the bonding of package 100 with package 200, spacer 130 is located in the gap between packages 100 and 200. In accordance with some embodiments, spacer 130 has its bottom surface attached to package 100, and its top surface in contact with package 200. In these embodiments, thickness T1 of spacer 130 is equal to the standoff distance SD1 between package 100 and 200. In alternative embodiments, spacer 130 has the thickness T1′ as shown by the dashed line, which is smaller than the standoff SD1. Accordingly, the bottom surface of spacer 130 is attached to package 100, while the top surface of spacer 130 is spaced apart from the bottom surface of package 200 by a gap in these embodiments.

FIG. 7 further illustrates the functional test of package 300. The functional test is performed through socket 40, which includes a plurality of probe pins 42 pushed against solder regions 126. Through probe pins 42, input signals may be fed into package 300, and output signals may be retrieved from package 300. Socket 40 may include springs (not shown) attached to probe pins 42, so that probe pins 42 may probe solder regions 126 that are not coplanar. The springs, however, also causes forces to be applied on solder regions 126. As shown in FIG. 7, the parameter portions of package 100 are supported by solder regions 38, and the parameter portions of package 100 do not yield to the force applied by probe pins 42. The inner/center portion of package 100 does not have solder regions 38 to support it from the force applied by probe pins 42. If no spacer (such as 130) is formed, the large center space between packages 100 and 200 causes the center part of package 100 to yield to the force applied by probe pins 42. As a result, package 100 warps, and the curved plane of the top surface of the warped package 100 is schematically illustrated as dashed line 44. The bottom points of solder regions 126 will be in a plane that is warped, wherein the plane is illustrated by dashed line 46. Accordingly, some of the probe pins 42 will have poor contact with the corresponding solder regions 126. This may result in some of good packages 300 to wrongfully fail in the functional test.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, since spacer 130 is formed, spacer 130 supports the center part of package 100, so that the warpage of package 100 caused during the functional test is at least reduced, and possibly eliminated.

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate packages 300 in accordance with alternative embodiments of the present disclosure. The package 300 in FIG. 8 is similar to the package 300 in FIG. 7, except that spacer 230 (rather than 130) is disposed, wherein spacer 230 is disposed in the step as shown in FIG. 6. In these embodiments, spacer 130 is not disposed. Spacer 230 may have a thickness equal to the standoff distance SD1 between packages 100 and 200. Alternatively, spacer 230 is illustrated by dashed lines 230′, wherein the respective spacer 230 has a thickness smaller than the standoff distance SD1 between packages 100 and 200. Accordingly, spacer 230 is spaced apart from package 100 in these embodiments.

The package 300 in FIG. 9 is similar to the package 300 in FIG. 7, except that both spacers 130 and 230 are disposed. In these embodiments, spacer 130 may have a same top-view and/or a same size as spacer 230. At least a portion, and possibly an entirety, of spacer 130 is aligned to at least a portion, and possibly an entirety, of spacer 230. Accordingly, in the functional test, at least portion of the spacer 230 supports the respective spacer 130 when package 100 warps under the pressure of probe pins 42. The combined thickness of spacers 130 and 230 may be equal to the standoff distance SD1 between packages 100 and 200. Accordingly, spacers 130 and 230 are in contact with each other. Alternatively, spacers 130 and 230 are illustrated by dashed lines, wherein the combined thickness of spacers 130 and 230 is smaller than the standoff distance SD1 between packages 100 and 200. Accordingly, spacers 130 and 230 are spaced apart from each other by a gap.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 7, 8, and 9, underfill 48 is dispose in the gap between packages 100 and 200. Accordingly, underfill 48 is in contact with solder regions 38 and spacer(s) 130 and/or 230. In alternative embodiments, no underfill is disposed in the final product, for example, at the time when package 300 is bonded to, for example, a printed circuit board (not shown). Hence, spacer(s) 130 and/or 230 are located in an air gap in these embodiments. Furthermore, in the embodiments in which spacers 130 and 230 are both formed, and have a gap therebetween, underfill 48 may extend into the gap. In alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, underfill 48 may encircle the gap between spacers 130 and 230 to from an air gap.

FIGS. 10A through 10F illustrate the top views of packages 100 or the bottom views of package 200 in accordance with some embodiments. The reference notation 100/200 indicates that the respective package may be either package 100 or package 200. Electrical connectors 138 or 238 (denoted as 138/238) may be formed adjacent to the parameter areas of the respective packages 100/200. In some embodiments, electrical connectors 138/238 are aligned to a ring(s). An empty space is left in the center region of package 100/200, with spacers 130/230 disposed in the center region. The empty space between neighboring spacers 130/230, however, is controlled not to be too big, so that spacers 130/230 may act as an effective supporter in the functional test.

FIG. 10A illustrates that spacers 130 and/or 230 have an X-shaped top-view (or bottom view) shape. FIG. 10B illustrates that spacers 130 and/or 230 have a rectangular top-view (or bottom view) shape. FIG. 10C illustrates that spacers 130 and/or 230 include a plurality of discrete portions that are spaced apart from each other, wherein each of the discrete portions has a circular top-view (or bottom view) shape. FIG. 10D illustrates that spacers 130 and/or 230 form a hollow ring. FIGS. 10E and 10F illustrate that spacers 130 and/or 230 include a plurality of discrete portions that are spaced apart from each other, wherein each of the discrete portions has a strip top-view (or bottom view) shape.

It is appreciated that the desirable size, the desirable position, and the desirable number of spacers 130 and 230 are affected by various factors including, and not limited to, the stiffness of package 100 and the size of the space surrounded by electrical connector 138/238. Hence, the optimum design of spacers 130 and 230 is affected by these factors.

FIGS. 10A through 10F also illustrate some exemplary through-vias 122. Although FIGS. 10A through 10F illustrate that in some exemplary embodiments, through-vias 122 are aligned to solder regions 138/238, through-vias 122 may also be misaligned from solder regions 138/238. Through-vias 122 may also be aligned to a ring(s) that encircle spacer 130/230.

The embodiments of the present disclosure have some advantageous features. By disposing a spacer between an InFO package and another package, the spacer may prevent the InFO package from having warpage during the functional test of the respective InFO package. In addition, by disposing the spacer, the warpage of package 300 is reduced even when it is not in contact with the probe pins used in the function test. For example, sample packages are formed to determine the effect of spacers on the warpage of the packages. The sample packages indicate that the packages not including spacers have the maximum warpage equal to 89 μm, with the average warpage being 63 μm. When the sample packages include the spacers, the maximum warpage is reduced to 67 μm and the average warpage is reduced to 49 μm.

In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a package includes a first package including a device die, a molding compound molding the device die therein, a through-via penetrating through the molding compound, and a first plurality of RDLs and a second plurality of RDLs on opposite sides of the molding compound. The through-via couples one of the first plurality of RDLs to one of the second plurality of RDLs. The package further includes a second package bonded to the first package, a spacer disposed in a gap between the first package and the second package, and a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector on opposite sides of the spacer. The first electrical connector and the second electrically couple the first package to the second package. The spacer is spaced apart from the first electrical connector and the second electrical connector.

In accordance with alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, a package includes a first package, which includes a device die, a molding compound molding the device die therein, a plurality of through-vias penetrating through the molding compound, a plurality of RDLs underlying, and overlapped by, the device die and the molding compound, and a plurality of solder balls underlying, and electrically coupled to, the plurality of RDLs. The package further includes a second package over the first package. A spacer is disposed in a gap between the first package and the second package. A plurality of solder regions bonds the first package to the second package, wherein the spacer is encircled by the plurality of solder regions.

In accordance with yet alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, a method includes forming a first package, which includes a dielectric layer, a plurality of redistribution lines in the dielectric layer, a device die over and electrically coupled to the plurality of redistribution lines, a molding material molding the device die therein, and a through-via penetrating through the molding material. The method further includes disposing a spacer to attach to a first one of the first package and a second package, and bonding the first package to the second package. The spacer is located between the first package and the second package.

The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 

1.-14. (canceled)
 15. A method comprising: forming a first package, wherein the first package comprises: a dielectric layer; a plurality of redistribution lines in the dielectric layer; a device die over and electrically coupled to the plurality of redistribution lines; a molding material molding the device die therein; and a through-via penetrating through the molding material; disposing a spacer to attach to a first one of the first package and a second package; and bonding the first package to the second package, wherein the spacer is located between the first package and the second package.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the disposing the spacer comprises: dispensing an organic material, with the organic material being a non-solid material; and curing the organic material to convert the spacer as a solid material.
 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the disposing the spacer comprises mounting a pre-formed spacer to the first one of the first package and the second package.
 18. The method of claim 15 further comprising, before the bonding the first package and the second package, disposing an additional spacer attached to a second one of the first package and the second package, wherein after the bonding the first package and the second package, the spacer is aligned to the additional spacer.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the first package further comprises a plurality of electrical connectors, wherein the plurality of electrical connectors and the device die are on different sides of the plurality of redistribution lines, and wherein the method further comprises: performing a functional test comprising pressing probe pins of a socket against the plurality of electrical connectors.
 20. The method of claim 15 further comprising: disposing a second dielectric layer over the device die; and forming a plurality of solder regions penetrating through the second dielectric layer, wherein the bonding the first package to the second package comprises reflowing the plurality of solder regions.
 21. A method comprising: forming a first package, wherein the first package comprises: an encapsulating material encapsulating a device die therein; and a through-via penetrating through the encapsulating material; disposing a first spacer onto a side of the first package; disposing a second spacer onto a second package; and bonding the first package to the second package through a plurality of solder regions, wherein the first spacer and the second spacer are in a space between the first package and the second package.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first spacer and the second spacer are encircled by the plurality of solder regions.
 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the first spacer and the second spacer are physically spaced apart from the plurality of solder regions.
 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the first spacer and the second spacer are in contact with each other.
 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the first spacer and the second spacer are spaced apart from each other by a gap.
 26. The method of claim 25 further comprising probing the first package, wherein during the probing, the first spacer is pushed to contact the second spacer.
 27. The method of claim 25 further comprising filling an underfill between the first package and the second package, wherein the gap is an air gap encircled by the underfill.
 28. The method of claim 25 further comprising filling an underfill between the first package and the second package, wherein the underfill is further filled into the gap.
 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the disposing the first spacer comprises: dispensing a non-solid material on the first package; and curing the non-solid material as a solid material to form the first spacer.
 30. A method comprising: forming a passivation layer on a first package, wherein the first package comprises: an encapsulating material encapsulating a device die therein; a plurality of through-vias penetrating through the encapsulating material; and a plurality of metal pads on a side of the encapsulating material, wherein the plurality of metal pads is electrically coupled to the plurality of through-vias; dispensing a non-solid material on the passivation layer; curing the non-solid material to form a first spacer; forming a plurality of openings in the passivation layer to reveal the plurality of metal pads; and forming solder regions in the plurality of openings.
 31. The method of claim 30 further comprising bonding the first package to a second package through the solder regions.
 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the first spacer is spaced apart from the second package, and the method further comprises probing the first package, wherein during the probing, the first spacer is pushed to contact the second package.
 33. The method of claim 31 further comprising: disposing a second spacer on the second package, wherein after the bonding, both the first spacer and the second spacer are between the first package and the second package, and the first spacer is spaced apart from the second spacer; and probing the first package, wherein during the probing, the first spacer is pushed to contact the second spacer.
 34. The method of claim 30, wherein the solder regions are spaced apart from the first spacer. 